Tensions in the South China Sea have increased significantly in recent years, attracting international attention and generating various geopolitical impacts. With various countries claiming sovereignty over this resource-rich region, the conflict is increasingly complex. Experts agree that a peaceful resolution will be difficult to achieve unless there is a collaborative effort from all parties involved. One of the main factors that worsens the situation is the exploration of oil and gas resources. Countries such as China, Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia are very ambitious in exploring the energy potential of this region. In several cases, these activities resulted in clashes between the coast guard and military agencies. For example, the presence of Chinese military facilities on artificial islands raises tensions, especially with countries that have overlapping claims. Apart from that, increasing militaristic activities are also a major highlight. Naval exercises conducted by China, the US and their allies are raising concerns of the potential for larger-scale conflict. For example, the “Freedom of Navigation Operation” (FONOP) exercises conducted by the US navy are often met with provocations from China. This shows how fragile the situation is and how misunderstandings can quickly make things worse. ASEAN’s role as a mediator has become a concern when many of its members have interests in the South China Sea. However, a lack of consensus among member states often becomes a barrier to creating a clear position. Although there has been a deadline to achieve a proposed code of conduct regarding the South China Sea, slow progress has left many pessimistic. Then, there is also the impact of the foreign policies of large countries. The involvement of the US and its allies in Southeast Asia shows that they will not allow China’s influence to dominate. Diplomatic and military support to small countries is one step to balance power in this region. As time goes by, it will be important for the parties involved to consider more effective diplomatic measures. Prioritizing inclusive dialogue and involving international institutions can be a solution to reduce tensions. In addition, bilateral problem solving between the countries involved may be a good first step in building trust between countries. Continuous monitoring of the situation is also very important. Involving international organizations to monitor activities in the South China Sea can prevent unilateral actions that could trigger war. Ultimately, stability in the region depends on the ability of all parties to work together to manage their interests in a peaceful and constructive manner.
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